How to maintain battery of excavator in winter

The reason why the battery is low in winter

In the low temperature environment, the chemical reaction of the battery itself will produce attenuation, the directional flow of positive and negative ions is poor, and the capacity of the battery is much lower than that of the normal temperature, which results in the failure of starting the excavator due to the lack of battery power. Secondly, water-based lead-acid batteries are likely to freeze at low temperature, resulting in a lack of electricity. Theoretically, the density of electrolyte used is in line with the local climate requirements. However, if the battery is over discharged, the electrolyte will freeze due to the decrease of density and increase of freezing point.

In winter, the electrolyte level and density of lead-acid battery are insufficient, which is easy to cause feeding

At present, there are two kinds of batteries used in excavators, one is lead-acid battery with electrolyte, the other is maintenance free battery. In low temperature environment, the capacity of lead-acid battery is much lower than that of normal temperature. Therefore, before the winter comes, it is necessary to supplement the electrolyte of the battery in time and adjust the specific gravity of the electrolyte. The service life of battery not only depends on the structure and quality of battery, but also is closely related to operation and maintenance. Generally, the service life of battery is about 2 years. If it is properly maintained, it can reach 3-4 years. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the battery once in the season change.

The battery solution of lead-acid battery is a mixture of sulfuric acid and distilled water. When the battery is discharged, there will be more water and less sulfuric acid, which will reduce the density of the battery liquid. When the lead-acid battery comes in winter, the height and concentration of the electrolyte shall be checked and adjusted. The height of the electrolyte shall be between the maximum (max) and the minimum (min). If it is too low, the capacity of the battery will be reduced, the plate will be vulcanized, and if it is too high, it will overflow to the battery surface to corrode the pole, guide wire and the body.

Maintenance free battery does not need to add distilled water and adjust the concentration of electrolyte, because it is fully sealed, generally there will be no electrolyte spilled to the battery surface. For maintenance free battery, mainly check whether there is leakage, clean the dirt on the surface, deal with the oxides of positive and negative poles, fasten the clips of two poles and observe the color of battery eye. The color of the electric eye is green, which means that the electric power is sufficient; black, which means that the electric power is insufficient, needs to be recharged; gray or light yellow, which means that the electrolyte is insufficient, because the maintenance free battery cannot be filled with liquid, the battery should be replaced immediately.

How to avoid problems caused by battery

1. Shut down all the electrical systems when the machine is shut down. In the traditional impression, many owners think that as long as the excavator key is turned off, the car will be in a state of power failure. In fact, when the excavator key is turned off, many devices such as headlights, radios, air conditioners and so on are still secretly discharging. Although the power consumption is higher than that of headlights, radios, air conditioners, etc It's much smaller when blowing the air conditioner, but in a few days, as long as the machine doesn't start to charge and the storage state of the battery is poor, the power will be exhausted. Other owners are used to listening to the radio and blowing the air conditioner in the cab when the excavator is off. In fact, in cold winter, using these functions for a long time is not good for the battery. It is suggested that when the excavator is shut down after construction, all the electrical systems should be shut down first, and the battery key should be locked, so as to effectively prevent the battery from feeding in winter.

2. After entering the winter, the colder areas are all in the off-season of construction. At this time, most of the equipment will enter the shutdown and rest stage. So, the problem is, in the lower temperature, the battery will not be used for a long time, it will slowly discharge itself until it is scrapped. At this time, it should be avoided to park the excavator in the open place for a long time. If the condition is not allowed, it is better to take off the battery and store it in a dry room with high temperature, and regularly charge and maintain the battery.

3. Frequently check the accessories and wiring on the battery, check whether the positive and negative poles of the battery are oxidized, and whether each part of the circuit is aged or short circuited, so as to prevent the battery from being retired in advance due to excessive discharge. During storage, wipe the outside of the battery with a damp cloth, and clean the dust, oil stain, white powder and other pollutants that are easy to cause leakage on the panel and column head. Often scrubbing the battery's stigma, not only the white acid powder will not accumulate on it, but also the battery's service life will be longer than expected.